Tuberculosis, as a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, presenting a serious threat to human and animal health. When human body is infected by MTB, it quickly initiates an immune response, in which T lymphocyte-mediated cellular immunity plays a key role, as it can effectively recognize and eliminate MTB, serving as an important defense line for the body against MTB. However, during MTB infection process, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) undergo amplification and activation, which exhibit inhibitory effect on the immune function of T lymphocytes and interfere the normal immune response of the body, making MTB easier to survive and reproduce in the body. This article discusses the role of MDSCs in the occu-rrence, development and prognosis of tuberculosis from two different perspectives, expects to provide new perspectives and ideas for the immunotherapy of tuberculosis as well as the research and development of targeted drugs, so as to open up a new way for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.