Salmonella infection has always been a global public health problem. Patients with Salmonella sepsis are critically ill, difficult to treat, resulting in high mortality. At present, the pathogenesis of Salmonella sepsis is still unclear, and the virulence of strains with different serotypes and host immune status are key factors determining the severity of Salmonella infection. In order to deeply understand Salmonella sepsis, this article reviews the research progress on its pathogenesis, so as to assist clinical doctors in making timely diagnosis and accurate treatment.