Objective To evaluate the disinfection effect of silver-stabilized hydrogen peroxide disinfectant on common dental impressions and model materials, explore its impact on material volume stability, and provide scientific basis for the disinfection of dental impressions and models in primary medical institutions. Methods Alginate, silicone rubber, polyether, and dental baseplate wax were selected as impression materials, while ordinary gypsum and superhard gypsum were used as model materials to prepare a 1 cm×1 cm square carrier with a thickness of 1-2 mm. Silver-stabilized hydrogen peroxide disinfectant containing 2.8% H₂O₂ and 10.58 mg/L Ag⁺ were adopted. Escherichia coli 8099 was used as the test strain for carrier quantitative bactericidal test. Specimens were taken at 5, 10, and 15 minutes, and the killing logarithm was calculated. The dimensional data of each material before and after disinfection were recorded with 3D scanning technology, and the dimensional changes were analyzed by Geomagic Control X (2020.1) software. Deformation rate was calculated, and the flexural strength of gypsum was measured by universal testing machine. Results Silver-stabilized hydrogen peroxide disinfectant achieved a 99.9% bactericidal effect on all impressions and model materials within 10 minutes, with a killing logarithm value >3.00. In terms of volume stability before and after disinfection, the deformation rate of alginate was 0.736%, while the deformation rates of silicone rubber, polyether, and wax were 0.575%, 0.206%, and 0.156%, respectively. The deformation rates of ordinary gypsum and superhard gypsum were 0.037% and 0.032%, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the change of flexural strength of gypsum material before and after disinfection. Conclusion Silver-stabilized hydrogen peroxide disinfectant shows a good disinfection effect on common dental impressions and model materials within a 10 minute disinfection time. It has little effect on the dimensional stability of the materials and does not significantly affect the flexural strength of gypsum materials, and can be used as a disinfectant for such materials.