Objective To analyze an incident of bedbug-bite in the department of neurology of a tertiary hospital, including clinical manifestations, isolation and protection, epidemiological characteristics, as well as disinfection, killing and control measures, so as to provide reference for vector control in medical institutions. Methods The on-site epidemiological investigation was adopted to investigate suspected bitten persons and their close contacts. The temporal, spatial, and population distribution characteristics of the bitten persons were analyzed. Insect vectors were identified timely and their living characteristics were understood. The bitten persons were isolated, and the plan was adjusted dynamically according to disinfection, killing and control effect. The intervention effect was followed up and evaluated. Results From June 3 to 10, 2025, the neurology ward of a hospital successively reported 6 bitten persons, including 4 patients and 2 caregivers. The bite incidents all occurred at night, relatively concentrated on June 8, with 5 (83.3%) persons being bitten on that night. Six bitten persons were distributed in 4 adjacent wards. The bite sites concentrated in the contact areas with the bed surface, such as the arms, abdomen, and back. The ward has a long building history, outdated facilities, and an irrational structural layout. Except for 2 special wards, all other wards did not have separate bathrooms and only had public restroom. The hospital quickly implemented centralized isolation, high-temperature treatment of contaminated fabrics, closed disinfection and killing in ward as well as other comprehensive disposal measures for the bitten persons. The incident was finally effectively controlled, no bedbugs were found in the ward, and no bites occurred in the following patients. Conclusion Bedbugs have strong concealment and transmission ability in environments of wards with concentrated elderly patients and poor hygiene conditions. Adoption of comprehensive prevention and control system with multi-departmental collaboration, early identification of bite vectors and cases, early intervention measures, and dynamic adjustment of plans based on control status of incident can effectively curb the risk of bedbug transmission.